Memory of opponents is more potent than visual sign stimuli after social hierarchy has been established

Money is more than memory∗

Impersonal exchange is the hallmark of an advanced society and money is one key institution that supports it. Economic theory regards money as a crude arrangement for monitoring counterparts’ past conduct. If so, then a public record of past actions—or memory—should supersede the function performed by money. This intriguing theoretical postulate remains untested. In an experiment, we show that ...

Visual long-term memory has weaker fidelity than working memory

Recent research suggests that visual long-term memory (VLTM) and visual working memory (VWM) possess similar resolution for feature memory. We investigated resolution in more holistic terms, exploiting a two alternative forced choice (2AFC) procedure and injecting noise into stimuli. Participants were exposed to two real-world objects per trial in a VWM experiment. One object was tested after a...

Are In-group Social Stimuli more Rewarding than Out-group?

minocycline is more potent than tetracycline and doxycycline in inhibiting mmp-9 in vitro

conclusions our results suggest that tetracyclines dose-dependently inhibit mmp-9 activity, and among the common clinical tetracyclines, minocycline provides the most potent inhibition of excess mmp-9 activity and its consequences. materials and methods an mmp-9-rich culture medium of u-937 cells was used as the source of the enzyme. serial dilutions of 5, 20, 100, 200, and 500 µm of each drug ...

Avian Influenza a H7n9 Virus Has Been Established in China

XINAN ZHANG∗, LAN ZOU†, JING CHEN‡, YILE FANG§, JICAI HUANG∗, JINHUI ZHANG¶, SANHONG LIU‖, GUANGTING FENG∗∗, CUIHONG YANG∗ and SHIGUI RUAN∗,‡,†† ∗School of Mathematics and Statistics Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China †Department of Mathematics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064, P. R. China ‡Department of Mathematics, University of Miami Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA §Dep...